Which surgical procedure involves connecting bowel segments to enhance digestion?

The procedure that involves connecting bowel segments to enhance digestion is jejunojejunostomy. This surgical procedure entails anastomosis between two sections of the jejunum, which is the second part of the small intestine. The purpose of performing a jejunojejunostomy is often to bypass a segment of the bowel that may be obstructed, diseased, or otherwise non-functional, thereby improving the passage of intestinal contents and enhancing the overall digestive process.

In this procedure, segments of the jejunum are directly connected, which allows for the continuity of bowel function. This connection can help maintain adequate nutrient absorption and minimize complications associated with bowel obstructions.

The other options provided are related to digestive tract surgeries but serve different functions. For instance, esophagoduodenostomy involves connecting the esophagus directly to the duodenum, which does not focus on connecting segments of the same part of the bowel. Vagotomy involves cutting the vagus nerve to reduce gastric acid secretion and is not related to bowel segment connection. Pyloroplasty is a procedure to facilitate gastric drainage by widening the opening between the stomach and duodenum, but it does not involve connecting segments of the bowel directly.