Which surgery is primarily concerned with the removal of obstruction due to a hypertrophied pyloric sphincter?

The procedure primarily aimed at addressing obstruction caused by a hypertrophied pyloric sphincter is pyloromyotomy. This surgical technique involves incising the circular muscle of the pylorus, the part of the stomach that connects to the duodenum, to relieve the constriction that has developed due to hypertrophy. This condition is often diagnosed in infants, where it's more commonly referred to as hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. By performing a pyloromyotomy, the excess muscle is split, allowing normal passage of food from the stomach into the intestine, thereby alleviating the obstruction.

In contrast, hiatal hernia repair focuses on repositioning the stomach that has moved into the thoracic cavity, cholecystectomy involves the removal of the gallbladder, and choledochotomy refers to an incision into the common bile duct to address issues related to bile drainage, which do not directly involve the pyloric sphincter. Each of these surgeries addresses different anatomical issues and conditions, making them distinct from the pyloromyotomy's targeted action on the hypertrophied pyloric sphincter.