Which of the following procedures can help alleviate complications following gastric surgery?

To understand why "All of the above" is the correct answer, it's important to recognize how each procedure contributes to alleviating complications associated with gastric surgery.

Vagotomy involves cutting the vagus nerve to reduce gastric acid secretion, which can help reduce the risk of complications such as ulcer formation after certain types of gastric surgery, like gastric resections or for peptic ulcer disease. By dulling the nerve's influence on the stomach, patients may experience fewer acid-related complications.

Pyloroplasty is a surgical procedure that facilitates the passage of stomach contents into the small intestine. This can be particularly useful after gastric surgeries, as it helps reduce the risk of gastric outlet obstruction and promotes better gastric drainage, making it easier for food to move into the duodenum. This can minimize postoperative complications related to delayed gastric emptying.

Jejunojejunostomy is a connection between two segments of the jejunum that can be formed during surgeries involving bypass or re-routing of the gastrointestinal tract. This procedure can alleviate complications such as bowel obstruction or malabsorption following gastric surgery by ensuring the continuity of the digestive tract and improving nutrient absorption.

Since each of these procedures plays a significant role in managing potential complications that may arise from gastric surgery, recognizing that they