Which of the following approaches is used for prostate gland removal?

The transurethral approach is commonly used for the removal of prostate tissue, particularly in the case of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). This method, known as Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP), involves accessing the prostate through the urethra. It allows surgeons to remove excess tissue that is blocking urine flow without the need for an external incision, making it a minimally invasive option with a relatively short recovery period.

In contrast, the thoracoscopic approach is primarily used for procedures within the chest cavity, such as lung or heart surgeries, and is not applicable to prostate gland removal. The open-heart approach specifically refers to surgeries performed on the heart, which again is unrelated to the prostate. Lastly, while the endoscopic approach is used for various procedures, it typically involves using an endoscope for visualization and intervention but is not the standard method for prostate gland removal in the way that the transurethral technique is.