Which hormones are primarily involved in regulating carbohydrate metabolism in the pancreas?

The hormones primarily involved in regulating carbohydrate metabolism in the pancreas are glucagon and insulin. Insulin is released by the beta cells of the pancreas in response to high blood glucose levels, facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells for energy and promoting its storage as glycogen in the liver and muscles. Conversely, glucagon is secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are low. It stimulates the liver to convert stored glycogen back into glucose and release it into the bloodstream, raising blood glucose levels.

This interplay between insulin and glucagon is crucial for maintaining blood glucose homeostasis. When one hormone's levels increase, the other’s decrease, allowing the body to efficiently manage energy use and storage, which is fundamental to effective carbohydrate metabolism. The other options, while they may influence metabolism, do not primarily regulate carbohydrate levels in the context of pancreatic function.