Which hormone regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body?

The hormone that regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body is parathyroid hormone. Parathyroid hormone is secreted by the parathyroid glands and plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood. When calcium levels drop, parathyroid hormone is released to increase calcium levels by stimulating the bones to release calcium, increasing the absorption of calcium in the intestines, and aiding in the reabsorption of calcium in the kidneys. Additionally, it works to increase phosphorus excretion through the kidneys, thus contributing to the regulation of both calcium and phosphorus metabolism simultaneously.

In contrast, thyroid hormone primarily influences metabolism and energy expenditure, insulin is crucial for regulating glucose levels in the blood, and glucagon plays a role in increasing blood glucose by promoting glycogen breakdown in the liver. None of these hormones directly regulate calcium and phosphorus levels to the extent that parathyroid hormone does.