Which condition is defined as having an excess of base in the body?

The condition characterized by an excess of base in the body is alkalosis. This physiological state occurs when there is an increased bicarbonate concentration or a decreased concentration of hydrogen ions in the blood and body fluids. Alkalosis can arise from various causes, such as prolonged vomiting, excessive intake of alkaline substances, or certain metabolic imbalances.

Understanding alkalosis is essential for surgical assistants, as it can influence patient management during surgical procedures. Identifying and addressing the underlying causes of alkalosis is crucial in ensuring patient safety and optimal surgical outcomes.

The other terms in the choices refer to different conditions or procedures. Acidosis refers to an excess of acid, which is the opposite of alkalosis. Pyloroplasty is a surgical procedure to widen the pylorus, which is the opening from the stomach into the small intestine, and has no direct connection to acid-base balance. Vagotomy involves cutting the vagus nerve, often performed to treat peptic ulcers, and also does not relate to the concept of excess base in the body.