What type of cells are responsible for the formation of bone?

The formation of bone is primarily the responsibility of osteoblasts, which are specialized cells involved in bone formation. These cells synthesize and secrete the organic components of the bone matrix, primarily collagen and other proteins, which serve as a scaffold for mineral deposition. Osteoblasts are crucial in the process of ossification, where they facilitate the mineralization of this matrix by promoting the deposition of calcium phosphate, contributing to the strength and integrity of the bone structure.

In contrast, chondrocytes are responsible for the formation of cartilage, not bone. Osteoclasts play a role in bone resorption, breaking down bone tissue to release minerals back into the bloodstream, and osteocytes are mature bone cells that maintain bone tissue rather than forming it. Therefore, osteoblasts are specifically the cells that initiate and carry out the process of bone formation, making this the correct answer.