What is the primary issue caused by a superior mesenteric embolus?

The primary issue caused by a superior mesenteric embolus is a blockage in the superior mesenteric artery. This condition arises when an embolus, which is a blood clot or other debris that has traveled through the bloodstream, lodges itself in the superior mesenteric artery. This artery is crucial as it supplies blood to a large portion of the intestines, including the small intestine and the proximal colon.

When a blockage occurs in the superior mesenteric artery, it results in a reduction or complete cessation of blood flow to these areas, which can lead to ischemia (insufficient blood supply) and potentially result in bowel necrosis (tissue death) if not promptly treated. This vascular obstruction is particularly critical because the areas supplied by the superior mesenteric artery are highly metabolically active. Consequently, timely surgical intervention is often necessary to restore blood flow and prevent significant complications, such as bowel infarction.

Other choices do not directly address the primary consequence of a superior mesenteric embolus in terms of blood supply disruption specific to the relevant anatomical structures supplied by the superior mesenteric artery.