What is the function of ligating maxillary and lingual veins during thyroid surgery?

The ligation of the maxillary and lingual veins during thyroid surgery primarily serves the purpose of preventing excessive bleeding. During surgical procedures in the neck, where the thyroid gland is located, there are significant vascular structures that, if not properly managed, can lead to serious hemorrhaging. Ligation of these veins helps to control blood flow, reducing the risk of intraoperative bleeding and improving visibility for the surgeon.

Effective hemostasis is crucial in any surgical procedure, especially in an area rich in blood vessels like the neck. By preventing excessive bleeding, the surgical team can maintain a safer operating field and decrease the likelihood of complications related to blood loss, such as postoperative hematoma formation and shock. Therefore, the primary aim of this action is to ensure the safety and efficacy of the surgical intervention, making prevention of excessive bleeding the correct answer.