What is surgical menopause?

Surgical menopause refers specifically to the cessation of menstruation and ovarian hormone production that occurs as a direct result of surgically removing the ovaries, a procedure known as oophorectomy. When the ovaries are removed, the body can no longer produce estrogen and progesterone, leading to the symptoms commonly associated with menopause. This process is typically abrupt, resulting in immediate menopause symptoms rather than the gradual transition seen in natural menopause.

Natural menopause, which occurs due to the aging process, typically happens over several years as hormone levels decline gradually. Menopause following chemotherapy is not classified as surgical menopause, since it results from the effects of medication on the ovaries rather than from surgical intervention. Hormonal imbalances can lead to irregular menstrual cycles or menopause-like symptoms but do not constitute menopause itself; therefore, they are also not a form of surgical menopause. Each form refers to different causes and mechanisms, making surgical menopause distinct due to its direct link to surgical intervention.