What is Neomycin primarily used for in surgical settings?

Neomycin is primarily used in surgical settings to sterilize the gastrointestinal tract, especially before elective surgeries that involve the bowel. This antibiotic works effectively against certain Gram-negative and some Gram-positive bacteria, helping to minimize the risk of postoperative infections by reducing the bacterial load in the intestines.

Before surgeries such as colorectal procedures, a reduction in the number of intestinal bacteria is crucial because the gastrointestinal tract is a common source of pathogens that can lead to surgical site infections. By using neomycin in conjunction with other agents, the risk of an infection is significantly decreased, contributing to better surgical outcomes and recovery.

In contrast, while neomycin may have other effects, it is not indicated for treating infections in the abdomen as the first line of approach, nor is it intended for reducing pain or inducing anesthesia. Its primary role remains in the preparation of the bowel, making it an essential component of preoperative care protocols in specific surgical contexts.