What is defined as the inability to conceive after one year of trying?

The concept of infertility is specifically defined as the inability to conceive after one year of regular, unprotected intercourse. This definition is widely accepted in the medical community and serves as a benchmark for assessing reproductive health. Infertility can be due to a variety of factors affecting either partner, including issues related to ovulation, sperm production, or anatomical abnormalities.

It's important to note that the other terms listed describe different medical conditions. Vesicovaginal fistula is an abnormal connection between the bladder and the vagina, often resulting from complications of childbirth or surgery. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) refers to an infection of the female reproductive organs, which can lead to scarring and fertility issues but does not specifically define the condition of being unable to conceive after one year. Hypospadias is a congenital condition affecting males where the urethral opening is not located at the tip of the penis, which is unrelated to fertility but rather pertains to urinary and reproductive anatomy. Thus, the correct term for describing prolonged difficulty in achieving pregnancy is infertility.