What is a major consequence of a small bowel obstruction?

A major consequence of a small bowel obstruction is electrolyte imbalance and fluid loss. When the small intestine is obstructed, it prevents normal passage of bowel contents, leading to a range of complications including the accumulation of fluids. This collection of fluids can result in significant distension of the bowel and body cavity, leading to an imbalance in electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, and chloride. This imbalance is critical as electrolytes play essential roles in muscle contraction, nerve function, and maintaining hydration levels in the body.

In addition to the disruption of normal electrolyte levels, fluid loss may occur due to vomiting or leakage from the obstructed bowel, further exacerbating the patient's condition and potentially leading to dehydration. This situation necessitates immediate medical intervention to correct the fluid and electrolyte levels, as failure to address these imbalances can lead to severe complications, including renal failure and shock.

The other options do not accurately reflect the consequences of a small bowel obstruction. Increased appetite, enhanced nutrient absorption, and weight gain are typically not associated with obstruction, as the blockage impedes digestive function and nutrient delivery, often resulting in decreased intake and malnutrition.