What does the Whipple operation involve?

The Whipple operation, formally known as pancreaticoduodenectomy, primarily involves the surgical resection of the pancreatic head along with the duodenum, which is the first section of the small intestine. This complex procedure is often performed to treat conditions such as pancreatic cancer, chronic pancreatitis, or other tumors located in the head of the pancreas.

In addition to removing these structures, the operation typically includes the resection of the gallbladder and a portion of the bile duct, followed by reconstruction of the digestive tract to maintain continuity, which often involves connecting the remaining pancreas, bile duct, and intestine. Therefore, the focus of the procedure is on the pancreatic and duodenal resection, distinguishing it as a significant operation with critical implications for the patient’s digestive functions and overall prognosis.

The other options listed, such as reconstructing the colon, removal of the gallbladder alone, or repairing a hernia, do not accurately describe the Whipple operation's comprehensive and specialized method targeted primarily at pancreatic and duodenal pathology.