What causes gout in patients?

Gout is primarily caused by excessive uric acid accumulation in the bloodstream, leading to the formation of urate crystals in the joints and surrounding tissues. This condition, known as hyperuricemia, occurs when the kidneys are unable to effectively excrete uric acid or when there is an overproduction of uric acid in the body. The buildup of these crystals can trigger a painful inflammatory response characterized by sudden bouts of severe pain, redness, and swelling, particularly in the joints.

In the context of the other options, calcium accumulation may relate to different conditions such as hypercalcemia but is not a cause of gout. Low potassium levels and high sodium levels are associated with other metabolic or health issues but do not play a direct role in the pathophysiology of gout. Understanding the role of uric acid in this condition is crucial for effective management and treatment strategies to prevent flares and manage symptoms.