Peritonitis is primarily characterized by what condition?

Peritonitis is primarily characterized by inflammation of the peritoneum, which is the thin layer of tissue that lines the abdominal cavity and covers the organs within it. This condition arises when the peritoneum becomes irritated or infected, often due to the presence of bacteria or other pathogens, which can occur from various causes, including perforation of the gastrointestinal tract, appendicitis, or abdominal trauma.

The inflammation can lead to symptoms such as abdominal pain, rigidity, and fever, and requires prompt medical intervention. This is crucial because untreated peritonitis can lead to severe complications, including sepsis, which can be life-threatening.

The other conditions mentioned, like blockage of the intestine, twisting of the intestine (volvulus), and protrusion of an organ (e.g., hernia), may be associated with abdominal issues but do not define peritonitis itself. Instead, these may be conditions that could potentially lead to peritonitis if they cause perforation or infection in the abdominal cavity.