In a thyroidectomy, which veins are primarily ligated?

In a thyroidectomy, the primary focus is on the thyroid gland and its associated vascular structures. The thyroid veins, which are responsible for draining blood from the thyroid gland, are specifically ligated during the procedure to control bleeding and ensure a clear surgical field.

The thyroid veins, including the superior thyroid veins (draining the upper part of the thyroid gland) and the inferior thyroid veins (draining the lower part), are closely associated with the gland, making them critical targets for ligation to prevent excessive blood loss during the surgery.

The other veins mentioned in the choices either do not have a direct connection to the thyroid gland or are not relevant in the context of a thyroidectomy. For instance, the maxillary and lingual veins are associated with other anatomical regions (facial and neck structures) and are not relevant to the vascular control needed during thyroid surgery.

By ligating the thyroid veins, the surgeon effectively minimizes the risk of hemorrhage and contributes to a safer surgical outcome. This demonstrates the importance of understanding the relevant anatomy and the specific procedures involved in surgical techniques such as a thyroidectomy.